messerschmitt regensburg factory location
Schweinfurt was close to the city of Regensburg, where there was a Messerschmitt fighter plane . For the surname and people called Messerschmitt, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) and Messerschmitt, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Messerschmitt&oldid=1132330632, Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany, Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from August 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, ultra-light parasol-wing single-seat monoplane, fighter, bomber interceptor; later versions sometimes mistakenly marked as "Me 109" on subcontractor's dataplates, high-altitude fighter, developed from Bf 109; not built, project transferred to, STOL reconnaissance aircraft; prototype built by Weserflug AG, lost military contract to, designed to break world air speed record; attempted fighter conversion failed, fighter; update to Bf 109, never produced, twin-engine heavy fighter; also used for reconnaissance, designed as long-range record-setter; three built and used for reconnaissance, twin-engine fighter & attack aircraft; first operational jet-powered fighter, rocket-powered interceptor; advanced development of Me 163, fighter; advanced but underperforming design meant to replace Bf 109, 1 built, pressurized Me 210 development, proposed, large transport aircraft; powered development of Me 321, heavy fighter-bomber; unpowered glider only, tailless fighter, similar to Me 163 (development abandoned), 3-turbojet passenger aircraft (development abandoned), High-altitude fighter project; evolved into Bv 155, twin-engine heavy fighter and fast bomber; development of Me 210, fighter, based on Me 309, with engine located behind cockpit as in, heavy fighter; combined two Me 309 fuselages into one airframe, as with Bf 109Z and Me 409 (development abandoned), 1941 flying wing strategic bomber project, prototype multi-role aircraft, intended improvement of Me 262, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 10:48. This caused further delays in training operations, until August 23rd. [acesflyinghigh.wordpress.com]The Me 163 utilized an auxiliary landing gear unit. He was supported in this by BMW's Managing Director Franz Josef Popp who, in a letter to the chairman of MAN, described BFW as a "dead factory, which possesses no plant worth mentioning, and consists very largely of dilapidated and unsuitable wooden sheds situated in a town that is extremely unfavorable for industrial activities and whose status continues to give little cause for enthusiasm". Erhalten sind das ehemalige Verwaltungsgebude, in dem heute die kaufmnnische Berufsschule untergebracht ist, und ein Teil der Lackiererei, der heute Infineon als Versand und Warenannahmehalle dient. Im Sommer 1938 wurden die Muttergesellschaft Bayerische Flugzeugwerke umbenannt in MesserschmittAG. Messerschmitt Bf 109G-1,3,5: Pressurized, High Altitude Series. The crews lost totaled 552 men, of who half became prisoners of war and twenty were interned by the Swiss. EKdo 16 began receiving the first operational Me 163Bs only in July, or February of 1943. In der Ende 1940 errichteten Produktionssttte Obertraubling wurden zwei sogenannte Russenlager fr rund 2750 Ostarbeiter aufgebaut. The unit was by that time being renamed to Jagdgeschwader 1./JG 400 and stationed at Deelen. The company still held stocks of materials sufficient for about 200 aircraft, and worth 4.7million reichsmarks. I'd even settle for a history book of Messerschmitt that had some illustrations. The Me 163 was a high-speed, rocket-powered, swept-wing tailless aircraft. In July 1944, a second auxiliary unit (Erganzumgsstaffel) was formed. [18], At 14:57 approximately 40 B-17s remained of the lead wing when it dropped its bombs on the target area containing five factories and 30,000 workers, followed over a 24-minute span by the remainder of the force. Due to its main cannons low velocity, and in order to avoid collision with the target, the pilot had only a few seconds available to engage the enemy. However, the unit was permitted to conduct live firing trials during flights in order to test the Me 163 weapons systems. Messerschmitt AG ( German pronunciation: [msmt]) was a German share-ownership limited, aircraft manufacturing corporation named after its chief designer Willy Messerschmitt from mid-July 1938 onwards, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, in particular the Bf 109 and Me 262. The first Me 163B flew in July 1945 but was lost in an accident. Several factors weighed against the Regensburg force in this air battle. This project would eventually evolve into Me 163C. The Me 163B-0 series was armed with the weaker 20mm cannon while the Me 163 B-1 with the stronger 30mm cannon. Das Werk im Westen von Regensburg entwickelte sich im Laufe des Zweiten Weltkrieges zu einem der leistungsfhigsten und produktivsten Flugzeugwerke. While evading the fighter cover, they managed to heavily damage at least one bomber, killing two crew members. The factory consisted of hangars, barracks, and a shooting range to adjust the jet's . Colonel LeMay ordered the formation to perform two 10-minute turns over Switzerland, allowing damaged aircraft to rejoin the formation before flying to North Africa. Dort wurden bis zum 23. Based on these, the Japanese managed to build a slightly modified copy of the Me 163. Die 1926 in Augsburg gegrndeten Bayerischen Flugzeugwerke (BFW) wurden nach der Machtergreifung der NSDAP und nach dem NSDAP-Beitritt des Chefkonstrukteurs Willy Messerschmitt von den NS-Behrden mit weitreichenden Auftrgen zur Entwicklung des neuen Jagdflugzeugs Messerschmitt Bf 109 bedacht. For ten years after World War II, the company was not allowed to produce aircraft. During its development, the Me 163B was tested with a series of different rocket engines. On the other hand, it was overshadowed by a number of critical faults that were never corrected. The unit received its first operational Me 163 on the 10th of March, and seven more were to arrive by late April 1944. Once there, they would be flight-tested by a number of pilots under the command of Karl Voy from EKdo16. Not wanting to waste the parts of the destroyed Me 163, these were collected and then sent to the training school at Fassberg. At 14:36 the force diverged from the morning's route at Worms, Germany, alerting the German defenders that the target was Schweinfurt. Founded in 1999. Nach Kriegsbeginn Once at sufficient altitude the dolly was jettisoned from the bottom of the aircraft. Hi David, as you model aircraft I'm sure you're aware of the fateful raid on Augsburg/Regensburg by the US 8th AF. In all 24 bombers were lost and more than 60 of the 122 survivors landing in Tunisia had suffered battle damage. was the ball bearing factories, I'm pretty sure that the Messerschmitt factory was affected. T-Stoff consisted of a mix of hydrogen peroxide with oxyquinoline or phosphate. The first Me 163B-0 series aircraft began to arrive from May 1944. In addition, the Germans planned for the Me 163 to be positioned at a series of auxiliary airfields along Allied bomber routes. Alle Straen der Siedlung waren benannt nach toten Mrtyrern der SA und die zugehrige Schule war nach dem toten Sturmfhrer der SA Horst Wessel benannt. 29,95 US$. Click here for frequently asked questions regarding items permitted inside the museum. The initial armament consisted of two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons, which were positioned in the wing roots. By May 1944, only a small group of fewer than 50 pilots had a chance to fly either the powered or towed versions of the Me 163. The industry's infrastructure, while vulnerable to a sustained campaign, was not vulnerable to destruction by a single raid. Factory, location Up to 1939 1939 1940 1941 . Given that the Me 163 operated in late 1944 were shortages of all kinds of equipment and materials were common, this should not come as a surprise. The Me 163B in standard camouflage. Weitere industrielle Arbeitspltze gab es in der Stadt nicht und Bemhungen zur Ansiedlung von Betrieben waren erfolglos geblieben. Messerschmitt had its share of poor designs as well; the Me 210, designed as a follow-on to the 110, was an aerodynamic disaster that almost led to the forced dissolution of the company. Open9 a.m. to 5 p.m. seven days a week. 1./JG 400 was at this stage prohibited from making combat flights in order to avoid the attention of the Allies. Mai 1937 gefeiert. - Water bottles (clear, sealed bottle, up to 20 oz.) by dmeephd 30 Apr 2009, 17:39. Juli 1936 wurde als Tochtergesellschaft der Messerschmitt AG Augsburg die Bayerische Flugzeugwerke Regensburg GmbH gegrndet. Interestingly, on the 12th and 13th June 1944, three Me 163s from the EKdo 16 were demonstrated to the Japanese and Italian military delegations. The mission takeoff was delayed until 08:00, when the fog had cleared sufficiently over East Anglia to allow the 4th Bombardment Wing to take off using instruments, a technique they had practiced. While the number of some 400 aircraft built seems significant, in reality only a dozen or so aircraft were ever used at any given time in combat. Take-offs and landings were divided into two phases. The first of Fend's vehicles to enter production at Messerschmitt's Regensburg factory was the KR175. However, major quality problems were encountered at the start. Note the brightly colored nose. Find Nazi Messerschmitt stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Angesichts ihrer hohen Verluste entsprach dieser Erfolg aber nicht den amerikanischen Erwartungen, zumal das Werk nach kurzer Zeit den Teilbetrieb wieder aufnahm. It was to be powered by HWK 109-509A-2 and HWK 509C engines. It was also subordinated to the 1./J.G. FREEAdmission & Parking. Notice:Visitors may be filmed, photographed or recorded by the U.S. Air Force for educational and promotional uses, including for posting on public websites and social media. In Augsburg und Umgebung mussten etliche tausend KZ-Hftlinge zunchst im KZ-Auenlager Haunstetten, ab April 1944 im KZ-Auenlager Augsburg-Pfersee des Auenlagerkomplex Schwaben des Konzentrationslagers Dachau Zwangsarbeit leisten, fr Flugzeuge wie die Me 210, deren Nachfolger Me 410 sowie die Me 262. Of those damaged, many were stranded in North Africa and never repaired. Several other designs were also ordered, including the enormous Me 321 Gigant transport glider, and its six-engined follow on, the Me 323. [citation needed], Inside German airspace, the Bf 109 G-6 fighters of 5 Staffel/JG 11, which had pioneered the fitment of the Werfer-Granate 21 unguided air-to-air rocket weapon system to the Luftwaffe's single engine day fighter force the previous day, as well as the similarly armed rocket-launching twin-engined Bf 110 Zerstrer heavy fighters, including night fighters, joined the battle as more than 300 fighters from 24 bases opposed the raid. Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) (Bavarian Aircraft Works) was reformed in 1926, in Augsburg, Bavaria, when Udet Flugzeugbau GmbH was changed into a joint-stock company. [acesflyinghigh.wordpress.com]The fuel load consisted of 1040 liters (229 gallons) of T-Stoff and 492 liters of C-Stoff. In Stollen der unterirdischen Produktionsanlagen von B8 Bergkristall waren zeitweise 6000 KZ-Hftlinge des KZ Gusen II beim Bau und bis zu 8500 Hftlinge in der dort seit Oktober 1944 anlaufenden Groserienproduktion fr Rumpfwerk 262 eingesetzt. First wave of attack. [1], In Regensburg waren ca. In comparison to its predecessor, the Me 163B offered a number of improvements to its design and shape. At approximately 15:30 German fighters renewed their attacks, concentrating now on damaged bombers. This resulted in the development of a modified Me 163 (based on the BV6 prototype) which was slightly larger, had greater fuel capacity and had two engines. To continue the training of pilots, the whole operation was temporarily moved to Brieg on the Oder. Im Werk selbst gab es fast 400 Todesopfer und die Anlagen waren so schwer zerstrt, dass zunchst keine Jagdflugzeuge mehr produziert werden konnten. Williams personally led the mission, flying as co-pilot in an aircraft of the lead formation, as wingman to the commander of the 91st Bomb Group. There were also 55 to 95 additional aircraft badly damaged. - Firearms* Schon vor der Machtergreifung der NSDAP (Januar 1933) und vor der putschartigen bernahme des Brgermeisteramtes in Regensburg durch den Arzt Otto Schottenheim (Mrz 1933), befand sich die Stadt Regensburg in einer wirtschaftlich desolaten Lage. Once the engine consumed all the fuel reserves, the aircraft essentially became a simple glider that was vulnerable to enemy fighter cover. Just a few rounds of this cannon was enough to destroy or heavily damage an enemy target. Found this aerial photo of the Regensburg site. More than 700 bombs fell within the target area causing severe damage. In November and later in December, two aircraft were lost in accidents with the loss of life of both pilots. A quite interesting Me 163 air victory was achieved on the 10th April 1945 while piloted by Leutnant Fritz Kelb. The task force consisted of seven B-17 Groups totalling 146 aircraft, each group but one flying a 21-aircraft combat box tactical formation. plane 4 1/2 hours after the plant had been attacked by B-17's of the 8th A.F. [13], Two supporting attacks were also made a part of the overall mission plan. 1943 waren diese Werke die zweitgrte Produktionssttte fr einmotorige Jagdflugzeuge in Europa. - Diaper bags At that time, the size of both units was to be increased to 14 instead of 12 operational aircraft. But in reality, it took a few more months before the unit was actually officially formed at the start of March 1944. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Airplane Research Institute. The first operational unit that was to be equipped with the Me 163 was the Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 20./JG 1 located at Bad Zwischenahn. Die SS erhielt dafr allein im Dezember 1944 mehr als eine halbe Million Reichsmark. The company's management were forced to look for new products with which to maintain their position in the market. While the aircraft was heavily damaged, the pilot managed to survive. Each wing found increasingly heavy smoke from preceding bomb explosions a hindrance to accuracy. (About a gazillion books on the aircraft themselves, it was and is a popular modeling subject!). While the Messerschmitt name and insignia were used on the car, a separate company, incorporated as Regensburger Stahl- und Metallbau GmbH, was created to manufacture and market the . Come join the discussion about collections, displays, models, styles, scales, motors, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! Once these were successfully tested, they would be then allocated to the 1./J.G. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for R.A.F. Im Bereich des ehemaligen Messerschmitt-Gelndes bei Neutraubling werden bis heute immer wieder nicht detonierte Fliegerbomben von den Luftangriffen auf die Messerschmitt-Werke aufgefunden.[6][7]. In the final analysis, the Me 163 theoretically possessed great potential for a rocket-powered aircraft. It provides a reasonably accurate view of the thinking behind the planners' intention and the decisions that led to the abandonment of the goal of launching a double strike in such a way that the second strike would meet no aerial opposition; and of the action in the air itself. 400. 1000 Spreng- und 500 Brand-Bomben so gezielt auf das Werksgelnde gefallen, dass weder die Altstadt von Regensburg noch das nur 500m entfernte Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brder getroffen wurden. Trotz der Einstufung als kriegswichtiger Betrieb waren die Messerschmitt-Werke mit gemeinsamer Konzernfhrung in privatem Besitz, was eine Ausnahme in der nationalsozialistischen Kriegswirtschaftspolitik darstellte. In mid-August, Me 163s from this unit attacked an Allied B-17 bomber formation. This was the case of the II./J.G.400, which surrendered its 48 aircraft to the Allies on the 8th of MAy 1945. Several more were built but the end of the war led to the end of the project. As soon as the reconnaissance photographs were received on the evening of the 17th, Generals Eaker and Anderson knew that the Schweinfurt raid had been a failure. In order to enter his flight position, the pilot used a small ladder placed on the left side of the aircraft. DASA later operated as "EADS Germany", which is now Airbus.[3]. Given its small size and limited overall weight, the onboard batteries had a limited capacity. Combat operations began again in March of 1945. Click here for frequently asked questions regarding items permitted inside the museum. In May 1945 the Allied forces were rapidly advancing into Germany, capturing many airfields in the process. [walterwerke.co.uk]. Despite the problems with the Me 163 production, a small number of available aircraft were allocated to the Erprobungkommando (EKdo) 16 unit from April 1942 onward. This, in theory, would increase the overall production and avoid potentially being targeted by Allied bombers. The fuselage could be divided into three sections, the cockpit, the central fuel tanks, and the rear engine compartment. This was never achieved, as the Allies destroyed the vital C-Stoff fuel production facility at Kiel in August. The problem with fuel was even complicated by the increase in production of the Me 163. At the end of September 1944, II./JG400 was formed, under the command of Lieutenant Peter Gerth (3/JG 400) and Oberleutnant Franz Woidich (4/JG 400). The EG (also known as the Yak-M-11-FR-1, Sh or Yak-EG) was a prototype helicopter designed in 1946 by the Yakovlev OKB. This was certainly a strength if we take into account the huge shortage of resources and materials that the Germans endured during the later stages of the war. Woods, VIII Fighter Command transcription of 17 August 43, pp.110 and 111; Learn how and when to remove this template message, strategic bombing mission during World War II, "VIII Bomber Command 1 | American Air Museum in Britain", "Combat Claims & Casualties", transcriptions of RAF and VIII Fighter Command summaries by Tony Woods, The War Against the Luftwaffe: AAF Counter-Air Operations, April 1943 June 1944. August 1943 mittags mit 146 B-17-Bombern. The design problems were eventually addressed in the Me 410 Hornisse, but only small numbers were built before all attention turned to the 262. Messerschmitt, and its executive Willy Messerschmitt also occupied the famed Villa Tugendhat in Brno, Czech Republic, designed by Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich in the 1920s; the Messerschmitt aircraft factory office and the Gestapo occupied the property during the war. In November, the Me 163As were used for crew training. . Finally, for the Me 163 production aircraft, the improved HWK-509 engine was chosen. Because of diversions of groups to the invasion of North Africa, the bomber force in England had been limited in size to four groups of B-17s and two of B-24s until May 1943. In den folgenden Monaten wurden die bentigten Maschinen geliefert und aufgebaut und die Materiallager aufgefllt. For this reason, the Me 163 was tested with some experimental weapon systems. Probably its greatest contribution was that it provided a good experimental platform for flight tests at transonic speeds. To successfully complete its portion of the attack, the Eighth Air Force decided to attack a target in central Germany as well as Regensburg to divide and confuse German air defenses. I have all of these wagon sets - from Liliput, Marklin, and Trix - of transported and disassembled Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters (plus the new 2009 Marklin releases on order) and have nowhere for these train consists to originate. Shortly after she took off, the jettisonable takeoff dolly refused to successfully detach from the aircraft, preventing it from using the landing skid. I have been looking all over for some 1940s era photographs of the Messerschmitt factories in Augsburg or Regensburg. Even so, two damaged B-17s turned away from the Regensburg task force and landed in neutral Switzerland, where their crews were interned and the bombers confiscated. On August 17, 1943, the USAAF suffered staggering losses in the two-pronged attack against the Messerschmitt fighter factory at Regensburg and the ball-bearing plants at Schweinfurt, Germany. Before each flight, the fuel tanks had to be thoroughly washed with water. Thank you. At the same time, 1./JG 400 and other available Me 163 were being relocated to new positions at Brandis. By then at least 15 bombers had been shot down or fatally damaged, 13 from the trailing formation. These were still prototype aircraft of the B pre-production version. I would suggest that if you haven't already you should research this raid. [1][2][3], In Regensburg, all six main workshops of the Messerschmitt factory were destroyed or severely damaged, as were many supporting structures including the final assembly shop. The actual responsibility of building these was given to Messerschmitt production plants at Regensburg with assembly at Obertraubling. That is until it ran out of fuel, at that point it was completely helpless and could only glide back to base. In order to help circulate the fuel, two centrifugal pumps were placed inside the Me 163. Prohibited Items: The following May, the firm acquired Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB). For example on the 16th March, an Me 163 managed to damage another Mosquito on a reconnaissance mission. Being unpressurized actually placed time limits for how long the pilot could endure without losing consciousness at altitude and during high-speed maneuvers. Given the previous success, of destroying 5 enemy bombers with a limited number of available Me 163, attempts were made to increase the number of squadrons with 20 aircraft. plane 4 1/2 hours after the plant had been attacked by B-17's of the 8th A.F. Through manufacturer testing, it was revealed that the EG had very undesirable handling characteristics and excessive vibrations when the Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). Losses among the 57 B-17s of the lead wing were so severe that many among its airmen considered the possibility that the wing might be annihilated before reaching the target. In addition to the bomber force, the Allies lost 3 P . - Camera bags In mid-August 1944, the airfield was once again attacked by Allied bombers. There, they allegedly managed to destroy a Soviet tank using a MK 108 cannon removed from an Me 163, which was placed on makeshift undercarriage wheels, also taken from a Me 163. During his flight, he attempted twice to attack Allied bombers but failed to properly engage them. This weapon consisted of five rockets usually placed under each wing, but on the Me 163 it was actually mounted vertically in the wings. The 1st Bomb Wing was over German-occupied territory for three hours and thirty minutes, of which two hours and ten minutes, including all of the time spent over Germany itself, saw no fighter support whatsoever. After bombing the target, the Regensburg force turned south and crossed the Alps on the way to North Africa. As the construction of the Me 163B V1 prototype was approaching completion, it was proposed to switch to the older R II 203 engine to save development time, but this modification was not carried out. On landing, the Me 163 were to use a simple retractable landing skid, placed beneath the fuselage. During this attack, several Me 163s were damaged. Without escort for much of the mission, the bombers faced wave after wave of Luftwaffe fighters alone. Details of the company were recorded in the Commercial Register with an equity capital of RM1,000,000 on 7 March 1916. The Me 163 did not engage the Allies probably due to the small number of available aircraft and the heavy fighter cover. These would be fully equipped with spare parts, ammunition, and fuel, and positioned close to each other. Ende 1944 war der Einsatz von 4000 KZ-Hftlingen und 400 Zivilarbeitern fr diese Fertigung geplant. This way, after an attack run, the Me 163 pilots could simply choose on which airfield to land, knowing that they could resupply without any problems. The 101 CG was made up of B-17s from the 381st (7), 351st (6), and 91st (6) BG. The Messerschmitt KR200, or Kabinenroller (Cabin Scooter), is a three-wheeled bubble car designed by the aircraft engineer Fritz Fend and produced in the factory of the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt from 1955 until 1964. The C-Stoff fuel tanks were placed in the Me 163s wings. (Left) The first bombs hitting the Messerschmitt plant at Regensburg on August 17, 1943. The German air crews frequently complained about the serious defects that appeared in the first machines from BFW. Because of limited range thanks to (inexplicably) not employing drop tanks,[12] escorting P-47 Thunderbolt fighters would be able to protect the bombers only as far as Eupen, Belgium, which was roughly an hour's flying time from both of the targets. Nearly all of the buildings are affected to some degree. With LeMay escaping over the Alps, the Schweinfurt force would be left to face the full fury of the Luftwaffe on its return to England. The crews of the Me 163 were often instructed to destroy their own aircraft to prevent them from falling into the enemys hands, but despite this, the Allies managed to capture a number of intact Me 163. In Regensburg, all six main workshops of the Messerschmitt factory were destroyed or severely damaged, as were many supporting structures including the final assembly shop. Cammann Jagdgeschwader 400]On the 8th of September, the Me 163 were officially taken into service. Given that they could do little against it when the Me 163 was in its dive attack. The Schweinfurt portion of the mission also formed the framework for the novel The War Lover, by John Hersey. Although the A.P. Post Woods, "Combat Claims and Casualties", 17 August 43, "Ramrod 206 Part III" and "Ramrod 206 Part IV", p.111-112. Trotzdem wurden im nur notdrftig reparierten Verwaltungsgebude in Regensburg die Lieferbeziehungen zwischen den vielen ausgelagerten Betrieben weiterhin so perfekt organisiert, dass der Produktionsausfall nur minimal war. Since World War I aircraft were largely built from wood to keep their weight down, BFW was equipped with the very latest joinery plant. With the two MK 108 cannons, the Me 163 was formidably armed given its small size. [citation needed] In practice, all BFW/Messerschmitt aircraft from the Bf 108 four-seat touring monoplane, to the Bf 163 light observation aircraft (which competed unsuccessfully for the government contract won by the rival Fieseler Fi 156 design) were prefixed "Bf", all later types with "Me". To continue the training school at Fassberg, Up to 20 oz. enemy target training pilots... Unpressurized actually placed time limits for how long the pilot could endure without losing consciousness at altitude and during maneuvers! All 24 bombers were lost in accidents with the two MK 108 cannons, the 163... Novel the war led to the bomber force, the pilot could endure without losing consciousness at altitude during... Two supporting attacks were also 55 to 95 additional aircraft badly damaged twenty were interned by the OKB! 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