first ruc officer killed in the troubles
As a result, representation of Catholics in . The McLarnon family have been provided with our detailed advice in writing and an offer to meet remains open should they have any further questions in future. At its height, there were 8,500 regular police officers supported by about 5,000 full-time and part-time reserve officers, making it the second largest force in the United Kingdom after the Metropolitan Police in London. In 1936 the police depot at Enniskillen was formally opened and an 800,000 scheme to create a network of 196 police barracks throughout Northern Ireland by rationalizing or repairing the 224 premises inherited from the RIC was underway. On the second day of this confrontation, 13 August, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association appealed for demonstrations across Northern Ireland in support of the Bogside, in an effort to draw off police resources from the conflict there. The Troubles in Crossmaglen recounts incidents during, and the effects of, the Troubles in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. Change). [13], In protest at the RUCs actions in Derry, a group of 500 nationalists and republicans assembled at Divis flats and staged a rally outside Springfield Road RUC station, where they handed in a petition. In August 1970, two young constables, Donaldson and Millar, died when an abandoned car they were examining near the strongly republican town ofCrossmaglenexploded. The headquarters of the force was established at Atlantic Buildings, Waring Street, Belfast. Shot during street disturbances, at the corner of Shankill Road and Downing Street, Belfast. Their loss, and the anguish that it caused their family circles, still weighs heavily on the here-and-now. Two were Protestant civilians shot by the British Army and one was an RUC officer shot by the UVF. 31 July, 2020 01:00. [12] Independently, Belfast IRA leader Billy McMillen ordered republicans to organise demonstrations, in support of Derry. [13]:13 In May, the Parliament of Northern Ireland passed the Constabulary Act 1922, and the RUC officially came into existence on 1 June. Belfast Books Thanks for promoting my book mate. The Shorlands were immediately attacked with gunfire, an explosive device and petrol bombs. [14], After handing in the petition, the crowd of 12000 people, including IRA members such as Joe McCann,[15] began a protest march along Falls Road and Divis Street to the Hastings Street RUC base. [Arbuckle was the first member of the RUC to be killed in 'the Troubles'.] "When it actually did all happen I didn't talk to the papers at all," she says in the Co Down apartment where she now lives. how to calculate estimated video views; offenbacher fc kickers 1901; . "We were only married for five years, after which our son arrived," Mrs Arbuckle said. [33], Some time after the killing of Hugh McCabe, some 200 loyalists attacked Catholic Divis Street and began burning houses there. Porter replied that this was impossible as, the whole town is in rebellion. Is the Royal Irish Constabulary military based? Each death was a terrible event for family, friends and neighbours. [17][40] where they were greeted with subdued applause and cheering. One reads simply: `11 October: Three people were shot dead during street violence in the loyalist Shankill area of Belfast. 22 November 1975 - James Duncan (19), Peter McDonald (19) and Michael Sampson (20), all members of the British Army, were shot and killed during an IRA gun attack on their observation post in the, 21 December 1978 - Graham Duggan (22), Kevin Johnson (20) and Glen Ling (18), all members of the British Army, were shot and killed by the IRA from a passing van. This is only the second time in the history of the award that it has been conferred collectively. The RUC's senior officer, the Inspector General, was appointed by the Governor of Northern Ireland and was responsible to the Minister of Home Affairs in the Northern Ireland government for the maintenance of law and order. [37], The nationalist gunmen fired the first shots at the RUC, who responded by firing machine-guns down the streets, killing two Catholic civilians (Samuel McLarnon, 27, and Michael Lynch, 28) and wounding ten more. Tipperary Tim astounding 1928 Grand National winner at 100/1 & a proud resident of Glencairn! Shot while part of Loyalist crowd, during street disturbances, corner of Divis Street and Dover Street, Lower Falls, Belfast. Officers were also accused of police brutality as well as collusion with loyalist paramilitaries. Killed by: Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Awards for gallantry for individual officers since 1969 included 16 George Medals, 103 Queen's Gallantry Medals, 111 Queen's Commendations for Bravery and 69 Queen's Police Medals.[53]. You can pre-order via https://t.co/eBRpwrw1mr pic.twitter.com/Ctxp1NUD7a. The polarised political climate in Northern Ireland resulted in violence from both sides of the political and sectarian divide. This mindset was referenced by David Trimble: Ulster Unionists, fearful of being isolated on the island, built a solid house, but it was a cold house for Catholics. Code, or contact the Council, at www.presscouncil.ie, But they did not start the riots, or plan them: indeed, the evidence is that the IRA was taken by surprise and did less than many of their supporters thought they should have done. The disorder led to theBattle of the Bogsidein Londonderry, a three-day riot in theBogsidedistrict between the RUC and the nationalist/Catholic residents. On 19 April there was serious rioting in the Bogside area of Derry following clashes between NICRA marchers, loyalists and the RUC. Later, as it became clear that Constable Arbuckle's death was not an aberration but the first of many murders of RUC members, she would help to found a police widows' support group. [44], A loyalist sniper shot dead Gerald McAuley (15), a member of the Fianna (IRAs youth wing),[8] as he helped people flee their homes on Bombay Street. Theyd do time in the Maze prison or in the Crum , Towns and cities where major riots took place. [23] They were confronted by nationalists, who had hastily blocked their streets with barricades. [8] Several Catholic-owned houses were set alight on Brookfield Street. A claim of maladministration in housing allocation against Dungannon Rural District Council was upheld by the Commissioner for Complaints. "Walter Mitty" life of Littlejohn brothers", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Troubles_in_Crossmaglen&oldid=1132130638, All Wikipedia articles written in Hiberno-English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 11 August 1970 - Samuel Donaldson (23) and Robert Millar (26), both, 16 July 1972 - James Lee (25) and Terence Graham (24), both members of the, 18 September 1972 - Edmund Woolsey (32), a Catholic civilian, was killed by a booby trap attached to his car, while two of his friends were injured. Cookies are small text files that can be used by websites to make a user's experience more efficient. In Northern Ireland, all police officers carry firearms. The intervening years saw the slaughter increase substantially and 1972 was by far the worse year for deaths with an incredible 480murders on the streets of Northern Ireland and mainland Britain. Francis McCloskey, a 67-year-old Catholic civilian had been found unconscious on 13 July near the Dungiven Orange Hall following a police baton charge against a crowd who had been throwing stones at the hall. OmbudsmanDame Nuala OLoanstated in her conclusions that there was no reason to believe the findings of the investigation were isolated incidents. The first deaths of the Troubles occurred in July 1969. [26] At this point, the RUC, believing they were facing an organised IRA uprising, deployed Shorland armoured cars mounted with heavy Browning machine guns,[17] whose .30 calibre bullets tore through walls as if they were cardboard. Killed by: British Army (BA) Young's appointment began the long process of turning the RUC into a British police service. Under Young, the title was changed to Chief Constable in line with the recommendations of the Hunt Report. [49] This perception discredited the police in the eyes of many nationalists and later allowed the IRA to effectively take over policing in nationalist areas. In August 1970, two young constables, Donaldson and Millar, died when an abandoned car they were examining near the strongly republican town of Crossmaglen exploded. In January 1981, Patrick Joseph Traynor (27) from Crossmaglen was found guilty of the four murders and a range of other charges. Since 1964, civil rights activists had been protesting against the discrimination against Catholics and Irish nationalists by the Ulster Protestant and unionist government of Northern Ireland. 483623. The Bogsides inhabitants mobilised en masse to prevent them entering the area and a huge riot ensued between hundreds of RUC personnel and thousands of Bogsiders. [52] The report stated that RUC Special Branch officers created false statements, blocked evidence searches and "baby-sat" suspects during interviews. 14 August 1969 John Gallagher, (30) Catholic Status: Civilian (Civ), Killed by: Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) Totally distrusted by the Catholics, who saw them as the strong arm of the Protestant ascendancy, they could not show themselves in a Catholic area without heightening tension. An inquiry by the British National Council for Civil Liberties in 1936 concluded that: [I]t is difficult to escape the conclusion that the attitude of the government renders the police chary of interference with the activities of the Orange Order and its sympathisers. Nationalists argue that the RUC acted in a blatantly biased manner, helping loyalists who were assaulting Catholic neighbourhoods. The first child to be killed in the Troubles, Patrick Rooney, nine, along with Hugh McCabe, 20 and Samuel McLarnon, 28 died amid widespread disorder in Belfast on 15 August 1969. However the truce was broken in January 1969 when Peoples Democracy, a radical left-wing group, staged an anti-government march from Belfast to Derry. Shot at his home during nearby street disturbances, Herbert Street, Ardoyne, Belfast. [6] Disturbed by the prospect of major violence, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Terence ONeill, promised reforms in return for a truce, whereby no further demonstrations would be held. In December 1997, The Independent (London) published a leaked internal RUC document which reported that a third of all Catholic RUC officers had reported suffering religious discrimination and/or harassment from Protestant fellow officers. [22] Loyalist crowds (wielding petrol bombs, bricks, stones, sharpened poles and protective dustbin lids) gathered at neighbouring Dover and Percy Streets. The Ministry of Home Affairs finally gave approval to the enrolment of women as members of the RUC on 16 April 1943, with the first six recruits starting on 15 November. Both Catholic and Protestant children alleged regular and severe physical assault and mental harassment at the hands of RUC officers, usually conducted to force a false confession of a crime. His widow Dorothy - captured in press photographs at the funeral as a beautiful young woman in a black fur pillbox hat, her face frozen in grief - has never spoken publicly about her loss. Video, 1894 shipwreck confirms tale of treacherous lifeboat, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Whiskey fungus forces Jack Daniels to stop construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Greek trains halted as anger over crash grows, Robert F Kennedy assassin denied parole again, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, NFL hopeful accused of racing in deadly car crash. "It is a humbling experience for me to acknowledge that, as in the case of the people of Malta, the collective courage and sacrifice of the men and women of the Royal Ulster Constabulary has been recognised in this most meaningful and public way by her majesty," said the RUC Chief Constable, Sir Ronnie Flanagan, yesterday. Most notable of these incidents were the McMahon killings on 26 March 1922, in which six Catholics were killed; and the Arnon Street killings several days later on 1 April 1922, in which six more Catholics were shot dead in retaliation for the IRA killing of a policeman. Shot during street disturbances, Hopeton Street, Shankill, Belfast. Lenny Murphy was found guilty of possession of firearms and sentenced to 12 years in jail. TheBritish Armywasdeployedto restore order and state control, andpeace linesbegan to be built to separate the two sides. [9] Loyalists reportedly threw petrol bombs at Catholics over the heads of RUC officers,[36] as RUC armoured cars were used to smash through the barricades. [31][32] Many abstained from and/or refused to take part Northern Ireland's institutions for a variety of reasons, including the treatment of Catholic civilians by the Ulster Special Constabulary during the recent conflict and the mistaken belief that Northern Ireland would be ceded to the Free State in the not too distant future. Shortly after its formation, the Provisional IRA launched an offensive campaign against the state of Northern Ireland. The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) described an attack on a Catholic man (22) as attempted murder. He and his neighbours had felt at the time as if they were being invaded by their own army. A Belfast Child. Although thought too green in her political leanings, Mowlam insisted she had not been forced out by Unionists. In two of these cases, those relating to the deaths of Hugh McCabe and Patrick Rooney, it was concluded that there is no reasonable prospect of conviction for any offence in respect of the two former RUC officers reported, she said. For more information on cookies please refer to our cookies Civil rights marches were repeatedly attacked by bothUlster Protestantloyalistsand by theRoyal Ulster Constabulary(RUC), a unionist and largely Protestant police force. . See here for RUC deaths in the Troubles : During 1217 August 1969, intense political andsectarianrioting took place inNorthern Ireland. The first two deaths of the Troubles, on 13 August 1969, were of Catholic men at the hands of the RUC. More than 300 RUC officers and over 200 members of the UDR were killed during the Troubles. [21], That evening, a nationalist crowd marched to Hastings Street RUC station, which they began to attack with stones for a second night. Francis McCloskey, a 67-year-old Catholic civilian, had been found unconscious on 13 July near the Dungiven Orange Hall following a police baton charge against a crowd who had been throwing stones at the hall. created content and their own posts, comments and submissions and fully and effectively warrant and indemnify Journal Media in relation to such content and their ability to make such content, The Police Federation of Northern Ireland launched a petition to defend the RUC from the proposal in the Patten report. The modern peace line at Bombay Street in Belfast, seen from the Irish Catholic/nationalist side. Read More, In case of sale of your personal information, you may opt out by using the link Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Hugh McCabe (20), a nationalist, becomes the first British soldier to die in the Troubles, but he dies while home on leave during armed clashes with loyalists. The actions of the RUC in the August 1969 riots are perhaps the most contentious issue arising out of the disturbances. Killed by: Protestant Action Group (PAG)Shot as he walked to work along Brougham Street, New Lodge, Belfast. [33][34] Protestant fears of strategically important government services being infiltrated by Catholics disloyal to the new state polarised society and made most Catholics unwilling and/or unable to join either the police or the civil service.[2]. In the same period, the RUC killed 55 people, 28 of whom were civilians. Francis OReilly (30) Catholic. Referring to the situation in Belfast after July 1921 he stated: For twelve months after that, the city was in a state of turmoil. [20][21], The high level of civil unrest led to an exhaustive inquiry into the disturbances in Northern Ireland carried out by Lord Scarman, which produced a report in 1972. Loyalists crossed over to the Catholic/nationalist side of Crumlin Road to attack Brookfield Street, Herbert Street, Butler Street and Hooker Street. Victor Arbuckle First of over 300 brave RUC Officers Killedduring the Troubles. According to Bishop and Mallie, Each sides perceptions of the others intentions had become so warped that the Protestants believed the Catholics were clearing the decks for a further attempt at insurrection in the evening. A community which was virtually defenceless was swept by gunfire and streets of Catholic homes were systematically set on fire. The RUC was to be 3,000-strong, recruiting 2,000 ex-RIC and 1,000 "A Specials". The other wing of the IRA became known as the Official IRA. [15] Shots were exchanged there between the IRA and RUC. The disorder led to the Battle of the Bogside in Derry, a three-day riot in the Bogside district between the RUC and the nationalist/Catholic residents. On 31 January 1921, Richard Dawson Bates, the first Minister of Home Affairs for Northern Ireland, appointed a committee of inquiry on police organisation in the region. ], James Prior, then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, said that he would resign his post if the inquiry into the Maze prison escape on 25 September 1983 found that his policies had been responsible. Her immediate focus after the murder was the couple's toddler son, Clive. In August 1970, two young constables, Donaldson and Millar, died when an abandoned car they were examining near the strongly republican town of Crossmaglen exploded. In 1998 Chief Constable Ronnie Flanagan stated in an interview on television that he was unhappy with any RUC officers belonging to the Orange Order or any of the other loyal orders. The were 16 deaths in 1969 . The website cannot function properly without these cookies. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. [9], The loyalists viewed the nationalist attacks of Wednesday night as an organised attempt by the IRA to undermine the constitutional position of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom. The PPS said the decisions were taken by applying the test for prosecution, as set out in the PPS code for prosecutors. [34] A unit of six IRA volunteers in St Comgalls School shot at them with a rifle, a thompson machine-gun and some pistols; keeping the attackers back and wounding eight of them. Killed by: non-specific Republican group (REP) The RUC found itself confronting marchers protesting against gerrymandering of local electoral wards and discrimination in local housing allocation. During 1217 August 1969, Northern Ireland was rocked by intense political and sectarian rioting. Of the B-Specials (Ulster Special Constabulary or USC), the Scarman Report said: There were grave objections, well understood by those in authority, to the use of the USC in communal disturbances. [18] At this stage, loyalist crowds gathered on the Shankill Road but did not join in the fighting.[19]. It was a day of infamy and shame. The shots killed Hugh McCabe (20), a Catholic soldier who was on leave. [15], About ninety police officers were killed between 1920 and 1922 in what would become Northern Ireland. [4] The Times also reported that the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC), Northern Irelands reserve police force, was regarded as the militant arm of the Protestant Orange Order. Starting in late 1982, a number of IRA and Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) men were shot dead by the RUC. Annual Killings by Military and Paramilitary Groups 1969, Remembering all Innocent victims of the Troubles, To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die. He called in with my other sister, I lived in Omagh.". On 23 April the Unionist Parliamentary Party voted by 28 to 22 to introduce universal adult suffrage in local government elections in Northern Ireland. first ruc officer killed in the troubles. Shot during street disturbances, at the corner of Shankill Road and Downing Street, Belfast. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. [4] The ICJ secretary general said that laws and conditions in Northern Ireland had been cited by the South African government to justify their own policies of discrimination (see South Africa under apartheid). [7], There was some movement on reform in Northern Ireland in the first half of 1969. At the Conservative Party conference in Bournemouth, John Major, then British Prime Minister, told delegates that the IRA would not bomb its way into the Stormont talks. "My father was an RUC man who served from 1969," the former PSNI assistant chief constable said. Tipperary Tim Astounding 1928 Grand National winner at 100/1 & a proud resident of Glencairn ! Indeed the present situation is the inevitable outcome of the policies pursued for decades by successive Stormont Governments. There was sporadic IRA activity in the 1930s. Noel Webb (30) had joined the RUC 13 months earlier, while 28-year-old Richard Baird, a father-of-two had been serving for three years. In a statement today on behalf of the family of Patrick Rooney, Fearghal Shiels of Madden and Finucane Solicitors said that we will study the reasons given for todays decision closely with the family and assess their options, and shall press ahead with separate civil proceedings against the Chief Constable. Catholics claimed that the RUC held them back so that the loyalists could burn their homes. [17] In Coalisland, USC officers opened fire on rioters without orders but were immediately ordered to stop. first ruc officer killed in the troubles. This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 11:35. He was taken to hospital and died the following day. The most bloody rioting was in Belfast, where seven people were killed and hundreds more wounded. He , In the early 80s about thirty of us travelled from Belfast to Liverpool by boat. Email RUC officers will not face prosecution over case of first child killed in the Troubles. Arbuckle was the first police fatality of the Troubles. [2], From the beginning the RUC had a dual role, unique among British police forces, of providing a normal law enforcement service while enforcing the new Northern Ireland entity in the face of considerable opposition, both armed and unarmed. The uniform remained essentially the same as that of the RIC a dark green, as opposed to the dark blue worn by the other British police forces and the Garda Sochna. [17] As they entered the nationalist ghetto, loyalists began burning Catholic homes and businesses on Percy Street, Beverly Street and Dover Street. [7], In March and April 1969, there were six bomb attacks on electricity and water infrastructure targets, causing blackouts and water shortages. [17], In aid of the Bogsiders, the NICRA executive decided to launch protests in towns across Northern Ireland. [11], The first disturbances in Northern Irelands capital took place on the night of 13 August. In the 30 years of the Troubles, 302 members of the RUC were killed and 9,000 were injured or disabled. Many Catholics and nationalists felt that they had been left at the mercy of loyalists by forces of the state who were meant to protect them. The Presbyterian Church in Ireland called for an end to the Loyalist protest at the Holy Cross school. Police behaviour and their interaction with loyalist protesters probably did more to politically mobilise large sections of the Catholic community than did any of the other grievances.[58]. 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