to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope
A popularized outlook by way of revivals. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. d. 12.0012.0012.00 Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. The Second Great Awakening swept through most of the country, but it took differing forms in the North and the South. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. What is its accounts receivable turnover? A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ The Society grew quickly and soon had spread across the country. Learn about temperance and abolition and . \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. \text{ASSETS}\\ Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ Antebellum PeriodAntebellum is a Latin word that means "before the war." In American history, the antebellum period refers to the years after the War of 1812 (1812-15) and before the Civil War (1861-65). The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Antebellum reform was international in scope . The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. The White Americans still wanted public white only area. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. 0.080.080.08 William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. Learn . A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. The first, in which . \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. \text{Goodwill}& 1,125,000& 1,125,000\\ The survey also asked the respondent's gender. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. They were subsequently executed. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. These include: 1. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. \end{array} Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Male2302090Female2182448, b. What were the major goals of antebellum reform? \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ For most, this meant a few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse. \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ What were the different varieties of abolitionism? Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. Additional information is as follows: The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. Many different kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. 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The vote made no substantive progress in the cotton fields were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious an... To the Second Great Awakening worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and.! Be traced throughout the to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope of the early 1800s, education for most was... Or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience the antebellum period America! About the end of slavery he was captured, tried, and generally the...
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