towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common
Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. How? Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. roads, buildings, industries and parks. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. This situation had led to the loss of many species. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. The surrounding coastal area that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. Another importance of land reclamation in Nigeria is that it can be used to create artificial islands where they have not existed before. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. On its right is the. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. . The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprising. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. It should be noted that land reclamation is not peculiar to Nigeria alone; it is an age-long practice that is common in many parts of the world; coastal areas to be precise. In a classical case of land recuperation after landscape reclamation at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, recruitment occurred through natural process within a space of 13years. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Contact our London head office or media team here. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. We have carried out some investigations. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. The swampy environment is a mixture of mud and water, after a long period of perturbation the swampy soil gets solidified and changes to a terrestrial environment. I have this example for you. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. This situation affects the fish survival and population. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Minna. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. This smart city (Songo IBD) is now part of the elements that is very crucial to the economy of the Asian country because of wide-range of economic activities that are connected to it. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. London, SW7 2QJ, But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. 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